Modern Japanese uses a combination of:
(1) Chinese characters, known in Japanese as kanji (). There are currently 1,945 officially approved characters for use in the media, etc, although quite a few more are actually in use. The kanji are Chinese-style characters that the Japanese adopted around the fifth century A.D. Kanji are still used to write many words in Japanese.
(2) Two kana syllabaries, hiragana and katakana, which are 'alphabets' based on syllables rather than single sounds. Each syllabary has a total of 46 basic letters, more if modified letters (letters with voicing, reduced-size letters, etc.) are included. The hiragana characters are written in a curving, flowing style. They are used for writing some native Japanese words and word endings.
The katakana are more angular characters. They are used mostly for writing foreign-derived words. Words adapted into Japanese from English or other European languages are usually written in katakana.
(3) Roman letters and Arabic numbers borrowed from the West.
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